In recent years, cases of new viral infections, previously considered exotic, have been recorded in Europe. Viruses common in the south and tropical regions have begun to penetrate into areas with a temperate climate. One of these new threats may be the African Usutu virus. This infection is carried by mosquitoes and birds, and scientists warn that the virus can adapt and spread to new areas. In this article, we will look at what the Usutu virus is, how it is transmitted, what symptoms it causes, and how to protect yourself from it.
History and Origin of the Usutu Virus
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Usutu virus was first identified in South Africa in 1959 and takes its name from the Usutu River. The virus belongs to the Flavivirus family, which also includes well-known viruses such as West Nile virus, dengue, yellow fever, and Zika. Like other Flaviviruses, Usutu is transmitted through the bite of infected mosquitoes, particularly the Culex mosquito, which is common in temperate regions.
Previously, the Usutu virus was localized exclusively in Africa, but over time and climate change, it began to spread across Europe. Cases of infection have already been recorded in countries such as Germany, Italy and Poland. Given that many birds are natural reservoirs of the virus and can migrate significant distances, there is reason to believe that the virus can reach other parts of the continent.
How is the Usutu virus transmitted?
The main mechanism of transmission of the virus is mosquito bites. Mosquitoes become infected by biting infected birds, which are a natural reservoir of the virus. Migratory birds migrating from Africa to Europe can carry the virus to new areas, where local mosquitoes can become carriers. Virologists fear that with climate change and bird migration, this transmission pattern could lead to the spread of the infection in northern regions.
Of particular concern is the Culex pipiens mosquito, which is native to Russia and northern Europe and is capable of transmitting the Usutu virus. These mosquitoes are common in cities, villages and agricultural areas, making them a potential source of infection among humans.
Symptoms and course of the disease
The Usutu virus causes symptoms in humans similar to a cold or mild forms of flu. The main symptoms include fever, headaches, muscle and joint pain, and general fatigue. In some cases, patients may develop a skin rash or conjunctivitis, an inflammation of the eyes. Although the disease is mild for most people, there are groups of people for whom the virus poses a higher risk. These include the elderly, people with weakened immune systems, and those with chronic diseases. Such patients may develop serious complications, including neurological disorders.
Although there have been few confirmed deaths from Usutu in Europe so far, scientists fear that without adequate medical care, the virus could cause more serious consequences, especially in vulnerable groups.
Potential health effects
Most cases of Usutu virus infection pass without serious consequences, but there is a risk of complications in the elderly and patients with weakened immune systems. These complications can include severe neurological damage, as well as a general deterioration in health. In some cases, the consequences can lead to disability. Therefore, it is important to promptly diagnose the disease and monitor your health, especially if symptoms characteristic of the virus appear.
Is there a risk of the virus spreading?
Traces of the Usutu virus have now been found in several European countries, including Germany, Poland and Croatia. In Italy, human cases were reported in 2018 and 2022, indicating that the virus is able to adapt to new climates and vectors.
Virologists predict that the Usutu virus may appear in other countries in the coming years. Migration flows of birds, changing climate conditions and the spread of carriers create the preconditions for the virus to gain a foothold in new territories. Some experts believe that the Usutu virus does not pose a significant threat to the European continent, since certain conditions are necessary for its spread. However, other scientists warn that possible risks should be taken into account and preventive measures should be taken.
How to protect yourself from the Usutu virus?
The Usutu virus is a transmissible infection, meaning it is transmitted through insect bites. Therefore, the main preventive measure is protection from mosquito bites. Virologists recommend using repellents, window screens and fumigators, especially in the summer. It is important to avoid places where mosquitoes congregate, especially near bodies of water or in wooded areas. It is also worth paying attention to the destruction of mosquito breeding sites, such as stagnant bodies of water.
In addition, you should not neglect monitoring your health, especially if you have traveled to regions where the Usutu virus has already been recorded. At the first signs of illness, such as fever or muscle pain, it is recommended to consult a doctor.
The African Usutu virus is another example of how global climate and ecosystem changes can lead to the spread of new infections. Although the likelihood of a global epidemic of this disease in Russia remains low, it is important to be aware of potential risks and take preventive measures.
